Chapter 2 Key Concepts:

Technology Infrastructure

History of the Internet:

Started in 1960’s:
· Department of Defense wanted a safe server to protect data
· If one part hacked then the whole server would not go down
1969:
· ARPANet
1972:
· E-mail introduced
1974:
· TCP/IP
· Language used to send data back and forth (worldwide)
1979:
· Usenet
1980:
· NSF
· Educate students, teachers, etc. about the government….
1993:
· CBC Peter Mansbridge
1995:
· Privatized
· Multiple internet hosts (in the millions)

History of the Web:

1945:
· Vannevar Bush – Memex
1960’s:
· Ted Nelson – “hypertext”
1987:
· Ted Nelson – Xanadu
1989:
· Tim Berners-Lee – www
1993:
· Marc Andreesen – Mosaic
1994:
· Andreesen and Clark – Netscape
2004:
· Web 2.0
· 1.0 is passively consuming content
· 2.0 not only consuming but producing content

Web Languages:

SGML - STANDARD GENERALIZED MARKUP LANGUAGE
HTML – HYPERTEXT MARKUP LANGUAGE
DHTML - DYNAMIC HTML
XML – EXTENSIBLE MARKUP LANGUAGE
XHTML – EXTENSIBLE HYPERTEXT MARKUP LANGUAGE
CSS:
Style Sheets
Scripting and Programming:
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
Javascript
AJAX
Client-side
Server-side
VBScript
Tutorials:


Web Software:

Web Servers:
Any computer connected to the internet could be a web server. All it takes is the ability to run one of the following programs (Web Server Software):
Apache
IIS – internet information server
HFS – Web Server that can run off your USB memory stick…. Wow amazing.
Server2Go
EasyPHP
XAMPP
Web Clients:
Internet Explorer
Mozilla Firefox
Opera
Flock

Future of the Internet:

Internet 2: instantaneous
Semantic Web: Search, Retrieve, Link, allows you to click on anything on the page (words) and it is indexed. Basically like a link to information regarding that word.


Network Connectivity:

Public
Private
Bandwidth:
Telephone
Broadband
Leased-line
Wireless

Network Technologies:

Hardware:
Routers – allows you to connect two computers or messages (maps how message will get from a to b) Routers typically have four ports. Have the ‘brains’ to connect a system to the internet.
Hubs – extra connection points for a connecting computer to a router Multiply access to an internet connection
Switches – for larger companies that need to switch for longer distances
Gateway
Access Point
Modems

Protocols:
The rules and guidelines for transferring information over the internet
Internet
TCPIP – transmission control protocol/internet protocol
IP – internet provider – IP address made up of numbers from 0 to 255?
IP - 127.0.0.1 is the number for my individual computer
IP - 192.168.1x is usually the internal company local area network
Domain names
TelNet -
VOIP – voice over internet provider
Mail
SMTP – must download the message each time
POP3 – downloading the message to the computer with the option to store it in computer memory
IMAP – stores messages on the server
WebMail – google, hotmail, yahoo, etc.
Newsgroups
NNTP
Files
FTP – file transfer protocol (go get a file)
SFTP – Secure
Web
HTTP – hypertext transfer protocol (go get a web page)
HTTPS – HTTPSecure (do not give out a credit card number on a site unless it is HTTPS)